The properties of nuclear matter at extreme conditions such as temperature and/or density are being studied in laboratories all over the world. The only way to create such extreme conditions in a laboratory is to use high energy accelerators and detect various types of particles produced in the relativistic nucleon-nucleon or nucleus-nucleus collisions either in fixed target or in the collider mode. The quarks and gluons, usually confined in the form of ordinary nuclear matter are supposed to get deconfined in these collision and create a new state of matter, consisting of deconfined quarks and gluons, called quark-gluon-plasma (QGP), depending on the temperature and/or density obtained in the collisions.

After several experimental activities at GSI (SIS), BNL (RHIC) and CERN (LHC), scientists working in this area of research have proposed a new facility, Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at Darmstadt, Germany to study several things such as:

• Nature of quark-hadron phase transition at high baryonic density
• Search for critical point in the phase diagram
• Nature of matter created at high baryon density in connection with astrophysical object such as neutron stars

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